关于考古学文化区系类型理论的几点认识

A Few Ideas on the Theory of Regional Typology of Archaeological Cultures

考古学文化区系类型理论是由苏秉琦先生在1981年发表的《关于考古学文化的区系类型问题》一文及后续相关论述中提出的。经过几代学者的不断阐释、理解和推进,指导了中国考古学长达四十年的考古学文化研究实践。区系类型理论的产生缘于梳理广大区域内业已命名的诸多考古学文化之间纵横联系的需求,有着深厚的研究基础。其核心思想可以概括为三个方面。其一,区系类型研究实质是以考古学文化及类型为研究单位的分类;其二,区系是可以多层次、多角度划分的;其三,区系是一种动态的、立体的结构。构建文化区系的前提条件是准确辨识和划分考古学文化及其类型,具体的研究方法是含有定量、定性分析手段的文化因素分析法。时空框架研究是区系类型研究的基础,二者既有区别,又有联系。

The theory of regional typology of archaeological cultures was first proposed by Su Bingqi in his article"On the Question of Regional Typology of Archaeological Cultures"published in 1981 and subsequent related papers discussing this issue.Through the continuous interpretation,understanding and development by several generations of scholars,it has guided the practice of archaeological culture research in Chinese archaeology for forty years.The theory of regional typology was born out of the need to sort out the longitudinal and horizontal connections among the many archaeological cultures that have been named over vast territories,and it has a deep research foundation.Its core ideas can be summarized into three aspects.First,the essence of regional typology research is the classification of archaeological cultures and types,seen as individual research units.Second,the regional system can be divided into multiple levels,according to different research angles.Third,the regional system is a dynamic and threedimensional structure.The prerequisite for constructing cultural regional systems is to accurately identify and classify archaeological cultures and their types,and the specific research methods include cultural elements analysis method carried out with quantitative and qualitative analytic tools.The study of spatio-temporal framework is the basis for the research on regional typology,and the two are both distinct and related.