武夷山东麓地区新石器时代文化的变迁

The Acculturation of Neolithic Culture in the Eastern Foot of Wuyi Mountain

武夷山东麓地区的新石器时代晚期文化面貌复杂,可区分为不同的文化类型。崧泽文化中期至良渚文化中期,区内东北部富屯溪、建溪流域分布有牛鼻山文化,西南部沙溪流域分布有南山类型洞穴新石器文化。牛鼻山文化的来源,与崧泽时期薛家岗文化藉由赣鄱地区向本地传播有关。至良渚文化晚期至钱山漾类型阶段,在南山类型印纹陶器于本区大范围流行的背景下,有一组自钱塘江上游而来的良渚文化因素植入武夷山和仙霞岭山区,龙头山类型、好川文化等形成并快速发展。在龙头山遗址首次发现了福建真正意义上的史前贵族墓葬。至广富林类型阶段,本地发育出马岭类型遗存,继续与长江中下游文化保持联系,输出几何形印纹陶器之影响。武夷山东麓地区新石器文化的变迁过程,呈现出分批次受到来自西北和东北方向长江中、下游“鼎文化圈”的重要影响,促使东南山地至沿海地区“釜文化圈”出现阶段性的文化变异。但在相对封闭的自然地理和资源条件下,秦汉帝国之前本地土著文化基因的延续非常顽强,突出表现为外来文化因素的“在地化”过程较为显著。

The late Neolithic cultural feature in the eastern foot of Wuyi Mountain is complex.From the middle stage of Songze Culture to the middle stage of Liangzhu Culture,Niubishan Culture was distributed in the Futun River and Jianxi River basins in the northeast of the region,and Nanshan Type was distributed in the Shaxi River basin in the southwest.The origin of Niubishan Culture was related to the dissemination of Xuejiagang Culture through the Ganpo Region.From the late stage of Liangzhu Culture to the Qianshanyang Type,under the background of the widespread popularity of the stamped pattern pottery of Nanshan Type in the region,a group of Liangzhu cultural factors from the upper reaches of the Qiantang River were implanted in Wuyi Mountain and Xianxia Mountain,Longtoushan Type and Haochuan Culture were formed and developed rapidly.During the Guangfulin Type period,the Maling Type remains developed locally,continuing to maintain contact with the cultures of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River,and outputting the influence of geometric stamped pattern pottery.The acculturation process of Neolithic cultures in the eastern foot of Wuyi Mountain shows that it was influenced by the"Ding Cultural Sphere"in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River,which promoted the"Fu Cultural Sphere"from the southeast hills to the coastal area to have staged cultural changes.However,under relatively closed natural geographical and resource conditions,the continuation of local indigenous cultural genes before the Qin and the Han dynasties was very tenacious,which was highlighted by the localization process of foreign cultural factors.