晚期巴蜀文化的地区之别——以四川盆地战国时期铜璜形饰为中心的考察

Regional Differentiation of the Late Bashu Culture:An Investigation Centered on the Bronze Huang-shaped Ornaments of the Warring States Period in the Sichuan Basin

四川盆地战国至西汉初期墓葬出土的铜璜形饰与其他地区表现出大体同步的发展趋势。借鉴了广义中原文化体系中的铜璜形饰,但加上具有地区性特点的纹饰,甚至其形制亦被纳入巴蜀符号体系,使得四川盆地已发现的多数铜璜形饰都可以归入巴蜀系铜器范畴。这充分体现了巴蜀地区在物质文化交流上的超强吸纳与融合能力。因地理环境及对外交流上具有不同特点,成都平原和渝东地区在铜璜形饰的使用种类上也存在一定差异。西汉中晚期以后铜两头动物形饰的流行区域仅限于渝东区域,再一次说明了两地在丧葬习俗和文化发展特点上的差异始终存在,这也是巴蜀文化地区差异的缩影。

The bronze Huang-shaped ornaments unearthed from the burials dating from the Warring States periodto the Early Western Han Dynasty in the Sichuan Basin show a largely synchronized trend with other regions The bronze Huang-shaped ornaments found in the Sichuan Basin are borrowed from the bronze Huang-shaped ornaments in the broad Central Plains'Culture system.However,with the addition of the regional characteristics of the decoration,even its form is also included in the Ba-Shu emblems system,so that most of the bronze Huang shaped ornaments can be classified as Ba-Shu bronzes system.It fully reflects the superb absorption and integration ability of the material culture exchange in the Ba-Shu areas.Due to the different characteristics of geographical environment and foreign exchange,there are also some differences between the Chengdu Plain and the Eastern Chongqing region in terms of the types of bronze Huang-shaped ornaments used.After the middle and late Western Han Dynasty,the popularity of bronze two-headed animal-shaped ornaments was limited to the Eastern Chongqing region,once again illustrating the persistent differences in funeral customs and cultural development between the two regions,which also epitomizes the regional differences of the Ba-Shu culture.