墨家“新仁学”思想探析——以先秦儒、墨仁学比较为线索

On“New-Ren Thoughts”of Mohism——Taking the Comparison of Ren between Confucianism and Mohist in the Pre-Qin Period as the Clue

学术界讨论兼爱思想的文章非常之多,学者们大都认为兼爱是墨子批判儒家仁学思想后提出的新主张。其实,兼爱是墨子对仁进行的重新诠释。首先,兼相爱才是真正的仁,因为兼相爱突出了仁的普遍性;其次,仁义价值来源于天志,这就突出了仁的外在性。墨子通过重新诠释仁建立了自己的“新仁学”。他不仅发现了亲亲之爱与普遍之爱之间的矛盾,展现出仁学思想的内在张力,还讨论了仁与孝、仁与性、仁与天之间的关系,深化了仁的内涵。《墨子》一书中出现了仁义连用的现象,说明仁义之间存在着内在关系,这就丰富了仁与义各自的内涵。墨子的仁学思想最后被儒家继承,成为儒家思想不可分割的一部分。

There are many articles discussing the idea of universal love in academic circles.Many scholars think“universal love”is a new view on the basis of the critique of Ren of Confucianism.My point is that it is a new interpretation of Ren,because it shows“Ren”and“Yi”clearly.The author holds that“universal love”is the reinterpretation of“Ren”by Mozi.Mozi advocates“universal love”is“Ren”since“universal love”reveals the universality of“Ren”.Mozi thinks Ren-Yi is derived from the will of Heaven,so the extrinsic feature of Ren is highlighted.Mozi constructs the thought system of new-Ren through the thought of“universal love”,finds the contradiction between unequal love and universal love and discusses the relationship of Ren and filial piety,Ren and nature,Ren and Heaven.Mozi's theories shows the internal strain of Ren and deepens the connotation of Ren.The phenomenon of Ren and Yi being used together was discovered in Mozi,which shows there is an internal impulse to interact.The thought of Mohism's Ren is inherited by Confucianism,so it is an inseparable part of the thought of Confucianism.