刘逢禄“变《书》”说发微

Liu Fenglu's Study of the Changed Shangshu

刘逢禄是清代常州学派重镇、今文经学的主要代表之一。他在《春秋》公羊说方面的突出成就颇受瞩目,但其在《尚书》学领域的建树迄今并未引起人们足够的注意。实际上,刘逢禄在其《尚书今古文集解》《书序述闻》等著作中提出了一种新的诠释思路,认为《尚书》的《夏书》《商书》《周书》都有“正”“变”之分,“犹《诗》风、雅、颂俱有正、变也”。“变《书》”说既符合《尚书》各篇的实际内涵,也具有自汉以来历代经学家的诸多研究成果的依据,且符合六经所具有的价值判断与经学形上意义,与今文公羊学的“通三统”“张三世”“三科九旨”的学派异见有所不同,不宜以学派“臆说”视之。

Liu Fenglu was one of the main representatives of the Changzhou School in the Qing Dynasty and New Text Confucian classics scholar.He made outstanding achievements and won quite a lot of attention in the Gongyang theory of Spring and Autumn,but his achievements in the field of Shangshu studies have not attracted enough attention so far.In fact,Liu Fenglu put forward a new interpretation idea in his works such as“Shangshu Jinguwen Centralized interpretation”and“Shuxu Shuwen”,arguing that the“Book of Xia”“Book of Shang”and“Book of Zhou”of“Shangshu”are all divided into“positive”and“change”,and the Feng,Ya,and Song of“The Book of Poetry”have both“positive”and“change”.“The changed Shangshu”theory,not only conforms to the actual connotation of the various texts of the Shangshu,but also has the basis for many research results of successive generations of classicists since the Han Dynasty,and conforms to the value judgment and metaphysical significance of the Six Classics,which is different from the dissenting views of the schools of“Tong Santong”,“Zhang Sanshi”and“Sanke Jiuzhi”of New Text Gongyang Studies,and should not be regarded as“speculation”of the school.