被害人教义学视角下不同类型三角诈骗的判断标准与处断探析

On Criterion and Judgement of Triangle Fraud from the V ictim-Dogmatic Analysis

三角诈骗这一概念常被用来解决新情况与疑难问题,注意力较多集中在处分人与被害人的关系与权限上,而忽视了行为人与被害人之间的联系。三角诈骗若认定为诈骗罪不能脱离诈骗罪的本质特征,也不能根据社会一般人观念衡量处分人与被害人的关系。权限理论、阵营理论、密切关系论等学说难以独立作为判断标准。“认识错误理论”“信息落差理论”可以从被害人共同罪责、客观归责、认识错误构成要件等角度为三角诈骗成立的范围提供新的判断标准,展现被害人教义学新的发展空间。对于诉讼诈骗和以法人为被害人的特殊类型案件不符合三角诈骗的成立要求,应当予以排除。

Triangle fraud is often used to define new occurrence and complexities,which is mainly focusing on the connections and legal power of offenders and victims,rather than the connections of perpetrators and victims.If it can be attributed to the crime of fraud,the triangle fraud should be provided with the essential elements of the crime,considering the connections of offenders and victims in a way different from social values.The theory of authority,theory of camp,doctrine of intimate connection,etc.fail to provide criterion of judgement by their own.While the cognitivist error theory,information gap theory can provide new criterion of triangle fraud from the victim’s collective guilt,objective imputation and constitutive elements of cognitive error,indicating the prospect of victim dogmatic.As to the special cases of litigation fraud and legal person as victim,they should be excluded from the triangle fraud.