我国环境治理的新需求及法治因应

The New Demand of Environmental Governance and Rule of Law Response in China Under theBackground of Ecological Civilization

党的二十大报告将人与自然和谐共生的现代化作为中国式现代化的五大特征之一,对新时代我国推进生态文明建设和环境治理提出了更高的法治要求。起源于现代企业管理的麦肯锡7S模型,包括战略、结构、制度、风格、人员、技术和共同理念等三大硬件要素和四大软件要素,该模型针对传统治理模式的单向性、一元性、被动性等弊端,发展出更加注重被管理对象参与性、主动性和权利性的治理新模式。麦肯锡7S模型因应生态文明背景下我国环境治理一体化、市场化和社会化的新需求,具有契合环境治理新需求的适应性和对应性特征。麦肯锡7S模型亦存在因环境治理公共性和企业治理私人性、国家权力和自治权利冲突性等导致的治理策略差异问题。当前我国环境治理已经迈入了复合型环境治理的新阶段,应当以麦肯锡7S模型为理论框架协同优化环境治理体系的硬件及软件诸要素,形成推动环境治理体系与治理能力现代化的“七要素”协同方案。该方案对“十四五”期间我国正在实施的更高水平的法治中国、法治政府和法治社会一体化建设具有重要的借鉴价值。

The Report of the 20^(th) National Congress of the CPC regards the modernization of harmonious coexistence between man and nature as one of the five features of Chinese-style modernization and puts forward higher legal requirements for promoting ecological civilization construction and environmental governance in China in the new era.McKinsey 7S model,which originated from modern enterprise management,includes three hardware elements and four software elements:strategy,structure,system,style,personnel,technology and common ideas This model has changed the disadvantages of the traditional governance model such as unidirectivity,unitarity and passivity,and developed a new governance model that pays more attention to the participation,initiative and rights of the managed objects.The McKinsey 7S model has the adaptability and corresponding characteristics to meet the new demands for integration,marketization and socialization of environmental governance in the background of ecological civilization.McKinsey 7S model also has differences in governance strategies due to the public nature of environmental governance and the private nature of corporate governance,as well as conflicts between state power and autonomy rights.Currently,China has entered a new stage of complex environmental governance.It is necessary to take the McKinsey 7S model as the theoretical framework to synergistically optimize the hardware and software elements of environmental governance system,and form the"seven elements"synergistic scheme promoting the modernization of environmental governance system and governance ability.This scheme has important reference value for the higher level of integrated development of rule of law for China,the government and the society during the 14^(th) Five-Year Plan period.