嵌入式轨道与扣件轨道曲线啸叫噪声试验分析

Measurements and Analyses of Curve Squeal of Embedded Track and Fastener Track

嵌入式轨道是一种减振降噪型轨道,可以通过高分子材料的包裹增加轮轨系统阻尼。测试和分析100%低地板有轨电车通过嵌入式轨道和扣件式轨道小半径曲线时产生曲线啸叫噪声,测试曲线半径为50 m,试验速度范围5~15 km/h,测试结果表明,当有轨电车经过扣件式轨道时,导向轮对(第一位轮对)内侧车轮发出的啸叫噪声最为显著,其产生机理是轮轨间的横向蠕滑激励车轮960Hz频率处(0,2)轴向模态振动,从而产生强烈的单频振动并发出啸叫;与扣件式轨道相比,嵌入式轨道对曲线啸叫有一定的抑制效果;建立三维轮轨接触有限元模型,发现耦合模态阻尼受轨道结构阻尼影响较大,改变轨道结构的阻尼能有效的提高轮轨耦合模态阻尼,其中提高轨道结构参数中的横向阻尼是抑制曲线啸叫最有效的方式。

The embedded track,as a kind of vibration-reducing and noise-reducing track,can increase the damping of the wheel-rail system by wrapping of the polymer material.Testing and analyzing the curve squeal when 100%low floor tram passing through the small radius curve of embedded track and the traditional fastener system track.The radius of the test curve is 50 m,and the test speed is 5-15 km/h.The test results show that when a tram passes the traditional fastener system,the squeal noise of the inner wheel of the guide wheel set(the first wheel set)is the most significant.The mechanism is that the(0,2)axial modal vibration of wheel at 960 Hz is generated by the transverse creep slip between the wheel and the rail,thus generating intense single-frequency vibration and squeal.Compared with the traditional fastener system,the embedded track can suppress the curve squeal.In order to further reveal the mechanism of suppressing curve squeal of embedded track structure.A 3D wheel-rail contact FEM model was established,it is found that the coupling modal damping is greatly affected by the track structure damping.Changing the track structure damping can effectively improve the wheel-rail coupling modal damping,and improving the transverse damping in the track structure parameters is the most effective way to suppress the curve squeal.