潍坊市妊娠期糖尿病患者膳食状况及影响因素分析

ANALYSIS OF DIETARY STATUS AND INFLUENCING FACTORS IN PATIENTS WITH GESTATIONAL DIABETES IN WEIFANG CITY

目的了解妊娠期糖尿病(gestational diabetes mellitus,GDM)患者膳食摄入状况,探讨影响GDM发生的因素,为预防GDM提供理论依据。方法调查潍坊市某三甲医院的378例孕妇,收集年龄、孕周、职业、文化程度、收入、糖尿病家族史等一般资料,采用3d24h膳食回顾法调查膳食摄入并计算营养素摄入量,数据采用t检验、检验分析比较,应用Logistic回归进行多因素分析。结果与非妊娠期糖尿病孕妇相比,GDM患者谷类、水果及禽畜肉类摄入量较高,而鱼虾类摄入量较低(P<0.05);钙、铁、维生素A摄入量较高,而维生素E摄入量较低(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析结果表明年龄35岁及以上(OR=2.781)、孕前超重或肥胖(OR=4.690、4.881)、有糖尿病家族史(OR=2.067)是GDM的危险因素(P<0.05);文化程度高是GDM的保护因素(OR=0.275,P<0.05)。结论GDM患者膳食构成欠合理、营养素摄入不均衡,应针对年龄35岁及以上、孕前超重或肥胖、有糖尿病家族史及文化程度低的孕妇进一步宣传孕期营养知识,倡导良好的膳食行为、均衡饮食,调整膳食摄入,以降低发生GDM的风险。[营养学报,2023,45(2):200-206]

Objective To investigate the dietary status of gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)patients,and explore the influencing factors.Methods A total of 378 cases of pregnant women were recruited in a first ranking hospital of Weifang and the general data such as age,gestational week,occupation,education level,income,family history of diabetes,were collected.Dietary nutrient intakes through 3 day 24 hour dietary recall were investigated.The test,Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the data.Results Compared with non-gestational diabetic patients,GDM patients had a higher consumption of cereals,fruits and livestock and poultry meats,while fish and shrimp intake was lower(P<0.05).Calcium,iron and vitamin A intakes were higher,while vitamin E intake was lower(P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that age 35years and older(OR=2.781),being obese or overweight before pregnancy(OR=4.690,4.881),family history of diabetes(OR=2.067)were risk factors for GDM(P<0.05).High level of education was a protective factor for GDM(OR=0.275,P<0.05).Conclusion GDM patients suffer from unreasonable dietary composition and unbalanced nutrient intake.Nutrition knowledge during pregnancy should be further promoted in pregnant women aged 35 or older,with overweight or obesity,or family history of diabetes or low education.[ACTA NUTRIMENTA SINICA,2023,45(2):200-206]