丘陵山地农业装备与坡地作业关键技术研究综述

Research Review of Agricultural Equipment and Slope Operation Key Technologies in Hilly and Mountains Region

丘陵山区先进适用农机装备的研发是目前国内农机装备研究的热点和难点问题之一。目前,我国丘陵山区农业生产存在“无机可用,无好机用”的现实问题,并且先进适用丘陵山地农机装备(简称山地农业装备)的研发缺乏必要的理论支撑。本文重点综述了国内外山地农业装备尤其是山地拖拉机及山地农机调平技术、山地拖拉机驱动与动力系统、山地农机具及其作业性能的研究现状,阐述了农机土壤压实与坡地土壤耕作侵蚀的研究进展,总结归纳了山地农机设计及山地农机-土壤互作机理研究的计算机辅助方法。展望丘陵山地农机装备及坡地作业技术的研究重点及发展方向:山地农机-坡地土壤-作物(养分)互作机理研究;山地农机总体设计与农艺及坡地作业场景深度融合;山地农机姿态调平机构与控制策略;山地农机动力高效传递与灵便转向驱动;山地农机作业机组的智能化监测与精确自主导航。以期为我国丘陵山区农机装备的研发设计提供借鉴参考。

The research and development of advanced agricultural machinery equipment in hilly and mountainous areas is one of the hot and difficult problems in the development of agricultural machinery equipment in China.At present,the agricultural production in hilly and mountainous areas still has the practical problem of“no available machinery,no good machinery”,and the research and development of advanced suitable agricultural equipment lacks the necessary theoretical support.The research status of hillside agricultural machinery equipment at home and abroad,especially hillside tractor,hillside agricultural machinery leveling technology,hillside tractor driving and power system,hillside machinery and tools and their operating performance were summarized,and the research progress of soil compaction and soil tillage erosion in slope operation by agricultural machinery was analyzed.The advanced computer aided methods for the design of hillside agricultural machinery and the study of the interaction mechanism between hillside agricultural machinery and soil were summarized.Finally,the research focus and development direction of agricultural machinery equipment and slope operation technology in hilly and mountainous areas were prospected as follows:the interaction mechanism between agricultural machinery and slope soil and crop(nutrient);the overall design of hillside agricultural machinery deeply integrated with agronomy and slope operation scene;efficient and reliable attitude adjustment mechanism and control strategy of hillside machinery;hillside farm machinery efficient transmission and easy steering drive;and intelligent monitoring and accurate autonomous navigation of mountain farm machinery operation.This review can provide reference for efficient and high quality production of agriculture in hilly and mountainous areas.