从“天人合一”考辨五脏苦欲补泻理论

Research on the theory of the five zang-organs desiring bitter for tonifying and reducing from the perspective of‘harmony of man with nature’

五脏苦欲补泻理论是五行归属思维下运用五行生克理论,依五脏生理特性之欲、病理状态之苦,假借药物之味调节人体脏气平和而衍生的用药理论及组方配伍原则,体现了中医的“天人合一”整体观。《辅行诀五脏用药法要》与《黄帝内经》中的五脏苦欲补泻理论体例相近,或因《黄帝内经》于流传过程中失其原貌而致二书内容及内涵上有着明显差异,使得学界对此众说纷揉。故文章基于“天人合一”整体观,从“五行-五味-五脏”之间的关系对五脏所欲的补、泻之味以及五脏所苦的急食之味进行考辨,以期溯本清源、阐明五脏苦欲补泻之理及规律。

The theory of the five zang-organs desiring bitter for tonifying and reducing is based on the theory of the five viscera,which is derived from the desire of the five zang-organs physiological characteristics,the pain of the pathological state,and the principle of composition and compatibility,which is based on the taste of drugs to regulate the balance of the human qi of zang-fu organs,reflecting the holistic view of‘harmony of man with nature’in traditional Chinese medicine.There are obvious differences in the content and connotation of the two books due to the similar style of the theory of the five zang-organs desiring bitter and the tonifying and reducing of the five zang-organs in the Five Zang Organ Medication Essentials of the Auxiliary Exercise and the Yellow Emperor’s Internal Classic,or because the Yellow Emperor’s Internal Classic lost its original appearance in the process of circulation,which makes the academic circles controversial.Therefore,based on the holistic view of‘harmony of man with nature’,this paper studies and distinguishes the tonic and purgative taste of the five zang-organs and the acute taste of the five viscera from the relationship between the‘five elements-five tastes-five zang-organs’,with a view to tracing the origin of the root and clarifying the principle and law of the five zang-organs desiring bitter for tonifying and reducing.