中医学“腐”的语义内涵探赜

Semantic connotation of‘Fu’in traditional Chinese medicine

中医学根植于传统文化,术语内涵常随之而变迁。“腐”为中医学一词多义的典型,文章梳理古代文献,发现其概念起源于自然界物质发酵或败烂的过程、形态、气味,以及冬月祭祀的“朽臭”。中医衍生其含义:生理层面,涵盖体内固精培元、疏利秽浊之“腐臭”真气,以及水火共作而发生的“腐熟”消化过程。病理层面,“腐秽”作为病因,代指自然界臭败之浊气,以及体内郁滞之糟粕、湿浊、食积、瘀血、水饮;“腐肉”形容体表具有毒、瘀属性的病理产物“死肉”;“热蒸肉腐”描述痈疽热壅致瘀、毒热灼血、蒸变致腐、炼液成脓的病机。症的层面,含人体散发的秽浊之气,以及腐秽之气体现于舌面的“腐苔”。药性层面有化物藏元、除固导浊之“腐臭”。

Traditional Chinese medicine is rooted in traditional culture,and the connotation of terms often changes with it.‘Fu’is a typical polysemy of the word in traditional Chinese medicine.By reviewing the ancient literature,this paper finds that its concept originates from the process,state,smell of natural material fermentation or decay,and the‘Xiu Xiu’of winter moon sacrifice.Traditional Chinese medicine has gradually derived its medical meaning.In terms of physiology,it covers the qi of the‘Fu Xiu’of the human body,which can solid and astringent essence,nourish vital energy,and dredge turbid.And the digestive process of the stomach caused by water and fire.In the aspect of pathology,as the pathogenic factors,refers to the foul gas of nature,as well as the dross,wet,food accumulation,blood stasis,and water accumulation in the human body;‘Rotted meat’refers to the pathological product‘dead meat’with toxic and blood stasis properties on the body surface;‘Hot steaning causes carrions’describes the pathogenesis of carbuncle gangrene,which causes blood stasis due to heat,hurt blood due to toxic heat,rots due to steaming,and pus due to liquid refining.In terms of symptoms,it includes the foul gas emitted by the human body and the specific tongue coating like bean curd dregs.In addition,there is the category in the Chinese herbal property,which has the effects of consolidating vital energy,activating blood circulation,removing blood stasis,softening and firming,and removing dirt.