页岩钒矿直接酸浸提钒的强化与活化研究进展

Research progress on the enhancement and activation of extracting vanadium by direct acid leaching from shale vanadium ore

评述了近些年我国在页岩钒矿直接酸浸提钒强化与活化方面的研究进展。结果表明:助浸剂可强化与活化对页岩钒矿晶格结构的破坏作用,其中,含氟助浸剂因浸出效果好、成本低而在工业上得到广泛应用,但大量使用氟化物会加大废水处理的难度;氧化剂能将不溶的低价钒氧化为可溶的高价钒,其一般配合含氟助浸剂使用。混合酸浸出即采用含氟酸与硫酸按一定比例混合,可以达到强化与活化目的,为页岩钒矿浸出提钒提供了一条新的思路。加压浸出可以强化钒的浸出效果,但对设备要求严格,仍处于试验研究阶段。微波协助浸出、超声波协助浸出及微生物浸出作为新型浸出技术,在技术和设备发展水平上具有一定局限性。绿色高效助浸剂的研发仍将是今后的主要方向,与此同时,应不断加深对新型强化与活化浸出技术基础理论的探讨,以为后续技术与设备的革新及未来的产业化应用提供理论支撑。

The research progress in the field of the enhancement and activation of extracting vanadium by direct acid leaching from shale vanadium ore in China in recent years was reviewed.The results show that aid-leaching agents can enhance the destruction of the lattice structure of vanadium shale ore.Among them,fluorine-containing leaching agent has been widely used in industry due to its good leaching effect and low cost.But the large use of fluoride increase the difficulty of wastewater treatment,and the oxidant oxidizes insoluble low-valent vanadium to soluble high-valence vanadium,which is generally used with fluorine-containing leaching agent.Mixed acid leaching uses a certain proportion of fluoric-containing acid and sulfuric acid to achieve the purpose of enhancement and activation,and provides a new idea for leaching vanadium from shale vanadium ore.Pressure leaching can enhance the leaching effect of vanadium,but it has strict requirements for equipment and is still in the experimental research stage.As new leaching technologies,microwave-assisted leaching,ultrasound-assisted leaching and microbial leaching have certain limitations in the development level of technology and equipment.In the future,the research and development of green and efficient aid-leaching agents will still be the main direction,and at the same time,the basic theories of new enhancement and activation leaching technologies should be deepened,so as to provide theoretical support for the innovation of subsequent technology and equipment and future industrial application.