激光熔覆陶瓷涂层研究现状与展望

Research Status and Prospect of Laser Cladding Ceramic Coatings

陶瓷材料具有高硬度、高熔点、高耐蚀等特性,常被应用于机械装备关键零部件的表面强化改性和再制造修复。随着装备服役工况日益苛刻,传统金属材料所制备的装备运动部件在服役过程中易于发生磨损、腐蚀、变形等失效,进而导致服役性能退化,严重时甚至引发装备恶性故障。激光熔覆作为一种高效的表面强化和再制造技术,在提升基材表面耐磨、耐蚀、耐热、抗高温氧化等性能方面具有重要应用前景。通过激光熔覆技术在零部件表面制备陶瓷涂层,对于延长关键零部件寿命、提高资源利用率、节约稀贵金属材料具有重要意义。首先按照陶瓷涂层的组织结构和成形机理对激光熔覆陶瓷涂层进行了分类介绍;然后结合激光熔覆制备陶瓷涂层的典型缺陷详细阐述了涂层质量优化的常用方法;而后综述了激光熔覆陶瓷涂层在提升零件耐腐蚀、耐磨损、耐高温性能和提高生物相容性等方面的应用情况;最后,总结了激光熔覆陶瓷涂层技术发展现状,并展望了激光熔覆陶瓷涂层技术的发展趋势。

Ceramics materials have the characteristics of high hardness,high melting point,and high corrosion resistance.They are often used in the surface strengthening modification and remanufacturing repair of key parts of mechanical equipment.With the increasingly harsh service conditions of equipment,the moving parts of equipment made of traditional metal materials are prone to wear,corrosion,deformation,and other failures in the service process,which will lead to the degradation of service performance and even lead to malignant faults of equipment.As an efficient surface strengthening and remanufacturing technology,laser cladding has important application prospects in improving the wear resistance,corrosion resistance,heat resistance,and high-temperature oxidation resistance of substrate surface.The preparation of ceramic coating on the surface of parts by laser cladding technology is of great significance for prolonging the service life of key parts,improving resource utilization,and saving rare and precious metal materials.Firstly,laser cladding ceramic coatings are classified and introduced according to the microstructure and forming mechanism of ceramic coatings;Then,combined with the typical defects of the ceramic coating prepared by laser cladding,the common methods of coating quality optimization are described in detail;Then the application of laser cladding ceramic coating in improving the corrosion resistance,wear resistance,high-temperature resistance and biocompatibility of parts are reviewed;Finally,the development status of laser cladding ceramic coating technology is summarized,and the development trend of laser cladding ceramic coating technology prospects.