浅析裴罗将军城及其年代——兼论葛逻禄西迁时间

A preliminary analysis of the City of General Boyla(Peiluo裴罗)and its chronology and the discussion of the timing of the Kurluks'westward migrations

《新唐书·地理志》记录有“裴罗将军城”,学界通常将其与西辽都城八剌沙衮联系在一起,其建城之源存在争论。本文从时间维度、地理位置相关性等因素分析,认为裴罗将军城应是突骑施黑姓可汗阿多裴罗所建,即阿拉伯地理文献中记录的“突骑施汗廷”,其创建时间应不早于753年,至迟到791年葛逻禄西迁时已不再具备存在的条件。文献记载8世纪下半叶葛逻禄西迁楚河流域,但西迁时间学界迄无定论,通过分析当时之政治形势,综合文献记载,特别是九姓回鹘可汗碑中的相关信息,本文认为葛逻禄西迁应发生在791年或其后不久。

The City of General Boyla(Peiluo裴罗)was mentioned in the geography treatises(地理志)of the New Book of Tang.It is often associated with Balasagun,the capital city of the Western Liao by the scholarship,and there are some controversies surrounding its founding.Through analysis of factors such as the temporal dimension and the correlations of geographical locations,this article argues that the City of General Boyla/Peiluo should be founded by the black Turgesh khagan,Ata Boyla(Aduo Peiluo阿多裴罗),,and refers to"the Palace of the Turgesh khagan"mentioned in the Arabic geographical literature.It should have been founded no earlier than 753 ADE.,and no longer had the condition to exist by the time of westward migrations of the Kurluks in 791 ADE.Historical texts suggest that the Kurluks migrated westwards and arrived at the Chu River region in the second half of the 8th century BCE.,but the exact timing of this westward movement is yet to be conclusive in the scholarship.By investigating the political circumstances at the time and integrating historical records,especially the relevant information from the Karabalgasun inscription stele,this article argues that the westward migration of the Kurluks should take place in 791 ADE.or shortly thereafter.