试析小河文化的来源与形成

An examination of the origin and the formation of the Xiaohe culture

小河文化是新疆地区早期青铜文化之一,其来源问题一直是学界关注的焦点。本文在系统梳理与小河文化有关的材料后认为,小河文化来源于草原地带,文化形成过程较为漫长,小河文化的先民作为欧亚草原迁徙人群的一支,在东进的过程中吸收了辛塔什塔文化、彼得罗夫卡文化的因素,到了阿尔泰山西侧,一部分奥库涅夫文化晚期因素融入进来并沿着阿尔泰山南麓进入孔雀河流域,形成了具有多种文化因素的独特面貌。

As one of the early Bronze Age cultures in Xinjiang,the origin of the Xiaohe culture has always been the focal point of scholarly attention.Through a systematic overview of relevant materials,this article proposes that the Xiaohe culture originated from the steppic region,with a prolonged process of cultural formation.As one branch of the migrating populations of the Eurasian steppe,the ancestors of the Xiaohe people assimilated the characteristics of the Sintashta culture and the Petrovka culture during their eastward journey.Upon reaching the western side of the Altai Mountain,some elements of the late Okunevo culture were also incorporated.Along the southern foothills of the Altai Mountain,they found their ways into the Kongque river region,where a distinctive cultural landscape featuring heterogeneous cultural factors finally took shape.