小黄花菜(Hemerocallis minor)的开花特性与繁育系统研究

Studies on flowering characteristics and breeding system of Hemerocallis minor

为明确小黄花菜开花特性和繁育系统对有性繁殖过程的影响,通过对小黄花菜不同储藏条件下的花粉活力变化和柱头可授性的测定、人工授粉试验以及计算花粉-胚珠比(P/O)和杂交指数(OCI),研究小黄花菜开花特性和繁育系统类型。结果表明:1)小黄花菜单花期长达20.5~21.5 h,群体花期60 d左右。2)随着花粉储藏时间的延长,花粉活力呈现降低的趋势;相同储藏时间和温度下,花粉活力在干燥条件下比非干燥条件下高;最佳储藏条件为-80℃干燥储藏。3)小黄花菜柱头可授性呈现开花后先上升后下降的趋势,开花3 h后可授性达到最高。4)小黄花菜的繁育系统类型为兼性异交型,部分自交亲和,异交需要传粉者。其P/O值为2364.13±117.39,OCI值为4。本研究结果为小黄花菜加入萱草育种,培育早花且长花期的萱草新品种提供了研究基础。

To investigate the impact of flowering characteristics and breeding system of Hemerocallis minor on its sexual reproduction process,in the study,the flowering characteristics and breeding system of H.minor through the determination and study of pollen activity change under different storage conditions and stigma receptivity,controlled pollination,pollen-ovules ratio(P/O)and out crossing index(OCI)were explored.The results indicated that:1)The single flowering period was up to 20.5-21.5 h,and the group flowering period was about 60 days.2)With the extension of pollen storage time,the pollen viability showed a decreasing trend.Under the same storage time and temperature,the pollen viability under dry condition was higher than that under non-dry condition.The best storage condition was-80℃dry.3)The receptivity of the stigma of H.minor showed a trend of rising first and then declining after flowering,and the fertile ability reached the highest after 3 h of flowering.4)The breeding system type of H.minor was heterointer type,partially self-inbred affinity,and crossbreeding requried pollinators.Its pollen-ovules ratio(P/O)value was 2364.13±117.39 and the out crossing index(OCI)value was 4.The results of this study provide a research basis for the addition of H.minor to Hemerocallis breeding and cultivating new varieties of Hemerocallis with early flowering and long flowering period.