风送式集中排肥系统的设计与试验

Design and experiment of air-assisted centralized fertilization system

针对外槽轮排肥装置施肥作业均匀性不高的问题,设计一种风送式集中排肥装置及同步施肥控制系统。通过台架试验比较直槽、交错槽和螺旋槽3种排肥轮结构的排肥性能,并建立排肥轮转速与排肥速率的线性回归方程;基于北斗+GPS系统和限幅平均滤波算法提高行驶速度的监测精度,并据此开发施肥控制系统。结果表明:1)排肥轮转速为10~60 r/min时,螺旋槽结构排肥轮具有较好的排肥性能,排肥量稳定性变异系数和各行排肥量一致性变异系数分别为0.15%和1.57%,排肥量均匀性变异系数<4%。2)排肥轮转速<60 r/min时,施肥控制系统的施肥调整响应时间<0.85 s;当理论施肥量和平均作业速度分别为300~600 kg/hm^(2)和5.22 km/h时,施肥准确率>95%。该风送式集中排肥装置及施肥控制系统可以实现同步、精量和均匀施肥作业。

Aiming at the problem of low uniformity during fertilizer application in the external grooved wheel fertilizer discharge device,an air-assisted centralized fertilization device and a synchronous fertilization control system were designed.The fertilization performance of three kinds of fertilization wheel structures,namely,straight groove,staggered groove and spiral groove,were compared using bench test,and the linear regression model between rotational speed and fertilizer discharge speed was established.Based on BDS and GPS system and limiting average filtering algorithm method,the fertilization control system was designed.The results showed that:1)The fertilization performance was good for the spiral groove fertilization wheel at the fertilization speed of 10-60 r/min.The variation coefficients of stability the total fertilization quantity and consistency in each row were 0.15%and 1.57%,respectively.The variation coefficient of fertilization uniformity was<4%.2)When the rotational speed of fertilization wheel is<60 r/min,the response time of fertilization control system was<0.85 s.When the fertilization quantity and average operating speed were 300-600 kg/hm^(2)and 5.22 km/h,respectively,the fertilization accuracy rate was>95%.In conclusion,synchronization,precision and uniform fertilizer application is achieved by the air-assisted centralized fertilization device and fertilizer application control system.