生计资本抑制了农村居民家庭相对贫困吗?——基于水平和结构的双重视角

Does livelihood capital inhibit the relative poverty of rural households?Based on the dual perspectives of level and structure

为探究生计资本对农村居民家庭相对贫困的影响,引入心理资本这一维度对可持续生计分析框架进行扩展,基于中国家庭动态追踪调查(CFPS)数据,运用熵值法对生计资本进行测度,并从生计资本水平和结构的双重视角出发,分析生计资本对相对贫困的影响。结果表明:1)农村居民家庭生计资本水平和结构呈现不均衡现象。其中,农村居民家庭心理资本最丰裕,其次是人力资本、自然资本、社会资本和物质资本,金融资本最缺乏。生计结构方面以心理资本占优型的农村居民家庭居多,金融资本占优型、物质资本占优型和社会资本占优型的农村居民家庭数量较少。2)人力资本、社会资本、自然资本、物质资本、金融资本水平越高,农村居民家庭陷入相对贫困的概率越小,相对贫困强度越弱。3)与社会资本占优型相比,人力资本占优型、自然资本占优型、物质资本占优型、金融资本占优型和心理资本占优型对相对贫困的抑制效应更强。因此,生计资本水平和结构对农村居民家庭相对贫困均有负向影响,是防止农村居民家庭陷入相对贫困的重要依赖。

In order to explore the impact of livelihood capital on the relative poverty of rural households,the psychological capital is integrated to extend the sustainable livelihoods framework,the entropy method is used to measure the livelihood capital,and the impact of livelihood capital on relative poverty is analyzed from the dual perspectives of the level and structure of livelihood capital using the data from the China Family Panel Studies(CFPS).The results show that:1)The level and structure of rural households'livelihood capital are unbalanced.The psychological capital of rural households is the most abundant,followed by human capital,natural capital,social capital and material capital,and the financial capital is the least abundant.The number of psychological capital dominate rural households is the highest.There are small number of rural households dominated by financial capital,material capital and social capital.2)The higher the levels of human capital,social capital,natural capital,material capital and financial capital are,the smaller the probability of rural households falling into relative poverty is,and the weaker the relative poverty intensity is.3)Compared with the social capital dominance,human capital domination,natural capital domination,material capital domination,financial capital domination and psychological capital domination have stronger inhibitory effects on relative poverty.Therefore,the level and structure of livelihood capital have an inhibitory effect on the relative poverty of rural households,indicating that livelihood capital is an important factor to prevent rural households from falling into relative poverty.