福州话虚词“乞”的多功能现象

Multifunctional Phenomenon of Virtual Word Qǐ乞in Fuzhou Dialect

为考察福州话虚词“乞”的多功能现象及其语法化路径,以福州话虚词“乞”为研究对象,将张敏所构建的以处置和被动为核心的语义地图作为理论指导,运用比较研究法,描写和分析过去和现今福州话虚词“乞”功能和语法化路径的差异。研究结果表明:“动词>接受格介词>受益格介词>处置格介词>役使格介词>被动格介词”为曾经“乞”语法化路径。由于福州话虚词“乞”表处置的功能在20世纪就已经完全被虚词“共”所取代,导致现代福州话“乞”表处置的功能消失,虚词“乞”的多功能连续统便形成断链现象,仅存作为接受格介词、受益格介词、役使格介词、被动格介词此四种功能。

In order to investigate the multifunctional phenomenon of the virtual word Qǐ乞in Fuzhou dialect and its grammatical path,this paper,with the Qǐ乞as the research object and the semantic map In order to investigate the multifunctional phenomenon of the virtual word Qǐ乞in Fuzhou dialect and its grammatical path,this paper,with the Qǐ乞as the research object and the semantic map constructed by Zhang Min with disposal and passive being the core as the theoretical guidance and based on the comparative research method,describes and analyzes the differences between the function and grammaticalization path of the word Qǐ乞in the past and at present.The results show that the grammatical path of Qǐ乞is“verbs>accept case prepositions>benefit case prepositions>dispose of case prepositions>service case prepositions>passive case prepositions”.Since the function of the disposal of the virtual word Qǐ乞table in Fuzhou dialect has been completely replaced by the virtual word“common”in the 20th century,resulting in the disappearance of the function of the modern Fuzhou dialect Qǐ乞table disposal,the multi-functional continuum of the virtual word Qǐ乞has formed a broken chain phenomenon,and only four functions exist as receiving case prepositions,beneficial case prepositions,servant case prepositions,and passive case prepositions.