考虑动态需求的多车型应急物资配送优化研究

Research on Multi-Type Emergency Material Distribution Path Optimization of Multi-Terminal Emergency Materials

为了及时、高效地开展紧急救援工作,提高应急物资配送效率,考虑到应急物资需求的动态变化和人们心理感知的影响,通过将配送时间窗划分为若干持续时间相同的时域,将动态需求问题转化为静态需求问题,分别构建了以运输成本与惩罚成本之和最小、人们的痛苦效应最低为目标的初始阶段和实时优化阶段的多车型运输动态应急物资配送优化模型。将人工鱼群算法和蚁群算法结合,并在蚁群算法中设置动态分组机制。最后,通过算例仿真验证模型的可行性。结果表明,模型能够有效地减少配送车辆数、增加有效装载率、降低运输成本,并能够缓解人们心理的痛苦感知,为决策者提供决策依据。

This paper is dedicated to research on how to provide timely and efficient emergency relief work to enhance the efficiency in distribution of the emergency supplies.Account on the dynamic changes in emergency demands and the impact of people's psychological perceptions,by dividing the distribution time window into several time domains with the same duration,the paper converts dynamic demands problems into static demands problems.Initial stage and real-time optimization models for multi-model transportation were constructed,aiming at minimizing transportation cost and penalty cost sum and the lowest pain effect of people respectively.Combining artificial fish colony and ant colony algorithms,and setting up dynamic grouping mechanism in the ant colony algorithm.Finally,the feasibility study is validated with simulation cases.The results show the model is effective to reduce the number in distribution vehicles,increase the effective loading rate,reduce transportation costs,and alleviate the psychological perception of pain,providing a basis for decision makers.