元末赴难文人郑玉、余阙的心态与诗学观

On the Mentality and Poetics of Zheng Yu and Yu Que of at the End of the Yuan Dynasty

郑玉、余阙以身份、经历之异而同为元朝死节,可见儒学对二人的趋同性影响,全节蹈义是汉族儒士郑玉维护儒家纲常名教的道义践行;为臣死忠是色目文臣余阙接受儒学熏陶而成就的道德修养。他们所坚守的忠义道德,涵濡的儒家修养也是其诗学观念产生的根基。郑玉的诗学观形成于他“和会朱陆”的理学思想中,主张通过复古的途径来获得“用之邦国,用之乡人”的民生日用之常。余阙的诗学观形成于他接受儒学文化熏陶的过程中,更多地表现为他对《易经》的关注,其诗学最为显著的特点即是通过对《易经》的阐释来获得其对诗学的理解。

Zheng Yu and Yu Que died for their country at the end of the Yuan Dynasty.This behavior of the two literati should be investigated from the perspective of their deep Confucianism.Confucianism prompted them to abandon their national concept and their own identity,so as to adhere to the creed of loyalty and righteous-ness.Confucianism also deeply influenced the formation of their poetic ideas.Zheng Yu’s poetic concept origi-nates from his Neo Confucianism cultivation,which is reflected in his understanding of poetic problems through retro ways.The most remarkable feature of Yu Que’s poetics is that most of his ideas are obtained through his interpretation of the Book of Changes.