种植行距对高寒地区饲用燕麦饲用价值及土壤特性的影响

Effect of Plant Row Space on the Forage Value and Soil Characteristics of Forage Oats in Alpine Regions

为探究饲用燕麦(Avena sativa)在青海省海南藏族自治州适宜种植行距,本研究设置35,30,25,20与15 cm共5个种植行距,探求行距对饲用燕麦产量、饲用价值、土壤水分及养分的影响,并用主成分分析法对其17个饲用价值和土壤特性指标进行了综合评价。结果表明:饲用燕麦株高及鲜干草产量随着行距的增大先增后减,其中,25 cm行距燕麦草产量及饲用价值最优,15 cm最低。行距增大,土壤含水率逐渐降低,20 cm行距土壤有机质、速效磷、速效钾含量分别达到45.82,37.60和82.10 mg·kg^(-1),显著高于其它行距(P<0.05)。对17个性状进行主成分分析,得到累计贡献率为90.36%,20 cm行距综合得分最高,25 cm行距其次,可作为青海省海南藏族自治州地区的推荐种植行距。

To investigate the suitable row spacing for forage oats(Avena sativa)in the alpine environment of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,this study was carried out in Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture,Qinghai Province,with five row spacings of 35,30,25,20 and 15 cm,respectively.The effects of row spacing on yield,forage value,soil moisture and nutrients of forage oats were investigated,while 17 indicators of forage value and soil characteristics were comprehensively evaluated by principal component analysis.The results showed that the height and fresh hay yield of forage oats increased and then decreased with the increment of row spacing,meanwhile the highest and the lowest yield and forage value were occurred at the row spacing of 25 and 15 cm,respectively.The soil organic matter,available phosphorus and available potassium contents of 20 cm row spacing reached 45.82,37.6 and 82.1 mg·kg^(-1),respectively,which were significantly higher than other row spacings(P<0.05).The principal component analysis on 17 traits yielded a cumulative contribution of 90.36%,while the highest overall score was emerged in 20 cm row spacing,followed by 25 cm.Therefore,those two row spacings could be used as the recommended row spacing for sowing forage oats in Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture,Qinghai Province.