聚丙烯腈基磷掺杂活性炭的制备及其电化学电容性能研究

Preparation of Polyacrylonitrile-based Phosphorus-doped Activated Carbon and Its Electrochemical Capacitance Performance

采用聚丙烯腈(PAN)为原料,磷酸为活化剂,在不同的活化温度下制备出磷掺杂活性炭材料。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和氮气吸-脱附测试等表征方法研究活化温度对活性炭结构与性能的影响,并利用三电极测试体系探究活性炭电极的电化学性能。结果表明,当活化温度为500℃时,活性炭的P元素含量为2.77%,比表面积为1470 m^(2)/g,总孔体积为0.89 cm^(3)/g,并具有较高的石墨化程度。在1 A/g的电流密度下,活性炭电极的比电容高达550 F/g,在20 A/g的高电流密度下循环10000次后,比电容保持率高达97.4%,表现出优异循环稳定性。以上结果证明,所制备的P掺杂活性炭在超级电容器电极中具有巨大的应用潜力。

The phosphorus-doped activated carbon materials were prepared using polyacrylonitrile(PAN)as the raw material and phosphoric acid as the activating agent at different activation temperatures.The effects of activation temperature on the structure and properties of activated carbon were investigated by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),X-ray diffractometry(XRD)and nitrogen absorption-desorption tests.The electrochemical performance of the activated carbon electrodes were investigated by using a three-electrode test system.The results showed that when the activation temperature was 500℃,the activated carbon had an elemental phosphorus content of 2.77%,a specific surface area of 1470 m^(2)/g,a total pore volume of 0.89 cm^(3)/g,and a high degree of graphitization.The specific capacitance of the activated carbon electrode was as high as 550 F/g at a current density of 1 A/g.After 10000 cycles at a high current density of 20 A/g,the specific capacitance maintained at 97.4%,showing excellent cycling stability.The above results demonstrate the great potential of phosphorus-doped activated carbon in the application of supercapacitor electrodes.