原油电脱盐过程中可溶性有机物迁移转化规律探究

Study on migration and transformation of dissolved organic matters during electric desalting process of crude oil

利用三维荧光、气相质谱和高分辨质谱分析电脱盐过程注水(汽提净化水)和出水(电脱盐污水)中溶解性有机物(DOM)的光谱特性及分子组成特性。结果表明,电脱盐污水与汽提净化水的宏观污染指标相近,但DOM组成存在较大差异。电脱盐过程中,汽提净化水中的苯胺、苯酚及多酚类非极性DOM和棕榈酸、硬脂酸和烷基苯磺酸等极性DOM易转移至原油中,而原油中的苯系物(邻二甲苯和对二甲苯)、多环芳烃、酰胺类和环烷酸类有机物会进入电脱盐污水,导致电脱盐污水的芳香程度提高,可生化性变差。通过解析电脱盐过程中有机污染物的转化情况,为获得完整的电脱盐污水微观有机污染物组成信息提供了可能。

The spectral characteristics and composition of dissolved organic matter(DOM)in influent water(stripping purified water)and effluent water(electric desalting wastewater)during electric desalting process of crude oil were analyzed by 3D fluorescence,gas chromatography mass spectrometry(GC-MS)and fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry(FT-ICR-MS).The results showed that,the macroscpic pollution indexes of electric desalting wastewater was similar to that of the stripping purified water,but the composition of DOM was quite different.The nonpolar DOM contained aniline,phenol and polyphenols in stripping purified water and polarity DOM included palmitic acid,stearic acid and alkyl-benzenesulfonic acids were easy to be shifted into crude oil during electic desalting process.However,more benzene content in crude oil(o-xylene and p-xylene),polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,amides and naphthenic acid type of organic matters into the electric desalting wastewater increased the aromaticity of the electric desalting wastewater,which caused a low biodegradability.In order to obtain complete microscopic organic pollutant composition information of electric desalting wastewater,the transformation of DOM during electric desalting process were analyzed.