欧盟《版权指令》强制过滤义务立法转化研究

Research on Transposition of Mandatory Filtering Obligation of the EU Copyright Directive

2019年欧盟《数字化单一市场版权指令》第17条在制定阶段备受争议,转化过程十分艰难。以荷兰、德国及芬兰为例进行研究,发现:(1)第17条是转化《数字化单一市场版权指令》为国内法的重大障碍之一;(2)转化第17条的法律文本常伴随弹性条款;(3)成员国采用不同方案对第17条进行转化,加剧了欧盟内部的分化;(4)成员国在转化第17条时均不同程度地关注对用户自由的保障。中国应当持续关注《数字化单一市场版权指令》第17条的转化及实施,一方面鼓励权利人与服务提供者加强合作;另一方面重视用户自由的保障,结合自身现状完善版权领域服务提供者的侵权责任规则。

Since Article 17 of the 2019 Copyright Directive in the Digital Single Market of the EU was controversial at the formulation stage,the transposition process has been difficult.Taking the Netherlands,Germany and Finland as examples to study the transposition approach,it is found that:(1)Article 17 is one of the major obstacles to the transposition of the Copyright Directive in the Digital Single Market into national law;(2)the legal text of the transposition of Article 17 is usually accompanied by flexible clauses;(3)EU Member States have adopted different approaches to implement Article 17,which aggravates the division within the EU;(4)Member states have paid varying degrees of attention to the protection of users’freedom when implementing Article 17.China should continue to pay attention to the implementation of Article 17 of the Copyright Directive in the Digital Single Market,to encourage right-holders to strengthen cooperation with service providers,and stress the protection of users’freedom and improve liability regime in copyright field for service providers to consider their own conditions.