正当防卫中不法侵害的识别

Identification of Unlawful Infringement in Justifiable Defense

不法侵害的识别与防卫权的设置初衷密切相关,应从保护公民合法权利的宗旨出发识别不法侵害。作为防卫权发动的前提,不法侵害的识别应以法益侵害为基础,以对权利的蔑视为依托,以维护社会团结为限度。即应以法益侵害为认识起点,借助权利侵害和社会团结的法理,将不法侵害限定为在主观意志支配下实施的侵害行为。在识别不法侵害时,应坚持区分防卫权的成立前提与行使条件,以行为时行为人的认识为尺度,以经验评价为基本依据,坚持社会团结原则,从社会利益维护的角度,平衡防卫所保护的利益与社会公共利益之间的关系,立足侵害行为的破坏性、不法性、造成损害结果的难恢复性等规则,将具有法益侵犯性、权利蔑视性的部分行为排除出不法侵害的范围。

The identification of unlawful infringement is closely related to the original purpose of the establishment of the right of defense,and unlawful infringement should be identified for the purpose of protecting the legal rights of citizens.As the premise of launching the right of defense,the identification of unlawful infringement should be based on the infringement of legal interests,rely on the contempt for rights,and take the maintenance of social unity as the limit.In other words,the infringement of legal interests should be the starting point for identification,and unlawful infringement should be limited to infringement under the control of subjective will with the help of the jurisprudence of right infringement and social solidarity.When identifying unlawful infringement,we should adhere to the distinction between the establishment premise and exercise conditions of the right of defense,taking the awareness of the perpetrator at the time of the act as the yardstick,taking the empirical evaluation as the basic basis,insisting on the principle of social solidarity,to balance the relationship between the interests protected by defense and the social public interests from the perspective of the maintenance of social interests.According to the destructiveness of the infringing act,the rules of unlawfulness and the difficulty of recovering the result of the damage caused,some acts with infringement of legal interests and contempt for rights are excluded from the scope of unlawful infringement.