类型化反思《海商法》立法语言的解释困境

Typological Reflections on the Predicament of the Legislative Language of the Chinese Maritime Code

《海商法》立法语言问题与海商海事行为本身所具有的特性和复杂性有关。通过类型化分析,《海商法》的定义性条款、术语性条款、技术规范性条款,以及涉及立法语言翻译、标点符号运用、民法理论突破、上下文表述矛盾等方面的条款,不仅难以满足立法语言技术性的要求,而且造成法律移植杂糅、法律解释分歧、与内生法律资源冲突等问题,从而导致司法适用障碍,甚至造成《海商法》规则内容混乱问题。在《海商法》修订中,应将立法语言的完善作为系统工程,正视《海商法》的特殊性,强化《海商法》立法语言的规范表达,规范使用法律文本中的标点符号,重视法律移植中的翻译性语言的规范表述,与时俱进地强化立法语言的规范性。

The problem of legislative language in the Chinese Maritime Code is related to the characteristics and complexity of maritime acts.Typological analysis shows that there are definitional,terminological,technical normative provisions,as well as provisions with regard to context translation,use of punctuation,breakthrough to civil law theories,contradiction in contextual expression in the Chinese Maritime Code,all of which are not only difficult to meet the requirements of the legislative language technology,but also cause the problems of mixed legal transplantation,divergence of legal interpretation,and conflict with the endogenous legal resources,resulting in obstacles to judicial application and even confusion in the content of rules in the Chinese Maritime Code.In the revision of the Chinese Maritime Code,the improvement of the legislative language should be regarded as a systematic project.We should face up to the particularity of the Chinese Maritime Code.We should strengthen the normative expression of the legislative language of the Chinese Maritime Code,standardize the use of punctuation marks in the legal text,attach importance to the normative expression of the translated language in the legal transplantation,and strengthen the standardization of the legislative language with the times.