《新加坡公约》与中国国际商事调解机制的冲突及破解之道

The Conflict Between the Singapore Mediation Convention and China’s International Commercial Mediation Mechanism and Its Solution

《新加坡公约》是中国发展国际商事调解机制的重要指引性国际规则,但当前中国国际商事调解与《新加坡公约》存在着诸如和解协议的“国际性”界定标准、和解协议审查执行制度、商事调解独立救济功能的认可等方面的制度冲突。建议中国明确和丰富“国际性”和解协议的界定标准,充分利用自贸区制度创新优势“变动适用”司法确认制度,包括扩大司法确认制度的适用范围以纳入国际商事和解协议与经个人调解行为作出的和解协议,同时适当调整司法确认程序的审查和执行规则。考虑到国内现有的“大调解”格局,建议以整合型立法模式制定统一“调解法”以规范中国商事调解制度,纳入调解员资格认证与激励约束机制,且构建调解组织商业化管理制度、规范商事调解市场化发展监管体系,为形成健康稳定的商事调解市场提供制度支持与保障。

The Singapore Mediation Convention is an important guiding international rule for China to develop an international commercial mediation mechanism.However,at present,there are institutional conflicts between China’s international commercial mediation and the Singapore Mediation Convention,such as definition standards of“internationality”of settlement agreement,the review and implementation system of settlement agreement,the recognition of the independent relief function of commercial mediation,and so on.It is recommended that China should clarify and enrich definition standards of“international”settlement agreement,and make full use of the innovative advantages of the free trade zone system to“change and apply”the judicial confirmation system,including expanding the scope of application of the judicial confirmation system to include international commercial settlement agreement and settlement agreement made through individual mediation,at the same time,appropriately adjusting the review and enforcement rules of judicial confirmation procedure.Considering the existing pattern of“great mediation”in China,it is suggested to formulate a unified“mediation law”in an integrated legislative model to standardize China’s commercial mediation system,incorporate the qualification certification and incentive and restraint system of mediators,and build the commercial management system of mediation organizations,standardize the regulatory system for the market-oriented development of commercial mediation,so as to provide institutional support and guarantee for the formation of a healthy and stable commercial mediation market.