汉代梁邹侯家铜钫初步研究

Research on the Bronze Fang of Liangzou Marquisate in Han Dynasty

汉代农业生产迅速发展,粮食产量大幅度提高,由粮食酿成的酒亦渗透到社会的各个阶层,成为人们日常生活、交际中常用的饮品。汉代酒文化兴盛,亦盛行随葬青铜酒器,钫即是其中一类,但此类器型在目前的考古发掘中所见不多。中国(海南)南海博物馆馆藏的汉代梁邹侯家铜钫,与国内同时期墓葬出土的铜钫器型相似,且有清晰可见的铭文。此钫是目前唯一可知的梁邹侯国遗物,为印证汉代梁邹侯国的历史提供了新的实物资料。本文在考证钫之功用及器型特征演变的基础上,结合历史文献及其他考古资料,探析汉代梁驺侯国的传承与迁徙,阐释铭文的内涵与意义;并通过细沙测容及实物称重的方式,将所得数据与铭文之记载相较,以此研究汉代与现代的容积、重量之比值。

The Han Dynasty saw a rapid development in agricultural production,leading to significant increases in grain production.Wine made from grain became a common drink in people's daily life and social occasions,and wine culture flourished in the Han Dynasty when the burial of bronze wine ware prevailed accordingly.One of the commonly buried bronze wine wares was the fang,a type of square-shaped wine container.A bronze fang belonging to the Marquis of Liangzou from the Han Dynasty is now housed in the China(Hainan)Museum of the South China Sea.It has a similar shape to the bronze fangs excavated from tombs of the same period in China and has a clearly visible inscription.This fang is the only known relic of the Liangzou Marquisate,which provides new physical material to prove the history of the Liangzou Marquisate in the Han dynasty.This paper examines the functions and evolution of the features of the fang,explains the meaning and significance of the inscription in the light of historical documents and other archaeological data,and discusses the inheritance and migration of the Liangzou Marquisate during the Han dynasty.The data obtained are compared with the inscriptions by means of detailed measurement and weighing,so as to study the measurement ratio between the Han dynasty and modern times.