清代新疆塔尔巴哈台农业发展述略——以清代新疆满文档案为中心

Discussion on Agricultural Development in Tarbagatay Garrison of Xinjiang in Qing Dynasty:a Focus on Manchu Archives of Xinjiang in Qing Dynasty

清王朝底定新疆后,迅速在新疆各地设置军政合一的驻防机构,塔尔巴哈台驻防所在位置在新疆北部,其战略位置及军事意义十分突出。清廷为了巩固该区域的政治军事统治,派遣屯田兵进行农业耕作,以期解决驻防官兵的口粮问题。在塔尔巴哈台驻防近150年的过程中,农业发展始终和军事行政管理交织在一起,农业的发展在一定程度上直接影响了驻防机构的稳定和长远发展。

After the Qing Dynasty stabilized Xinjiang,the military and political integrated garrison institutions were established soon everywhere in Xinjiang.Tarbagatay garrison was located in northern Xinjiang,whose strategic location and military importance were all very prominent.In order to consolidate the political and military governance in the region,the Qing Dynasty dispatched reclamation garrison troops for agricultural farming so as to solve food shortage by themselves.During the 150 years of Tarbagatay Garrison,the agriculture always developed together with the military and administrative management,and to some extent,the agricultural development had direct impact on the stability and long-term development of garrison institutions.