论清代——民国期间九江农田水事契约中的民间互助合作

Folk Mutual Assistance and Cooperation in Contracts Related to Farmland and Water Conservancy Affairs in Jiujiang in Qing Dynasty

清代江西地区基层社会既有涉及农田灌溉用水发生的纠纷与诉讼,也有一套通过水事合约方式体现的自我约束、自我调整达到和谐用水的规则。江西省博物馆藏10件九江德化县水事契约文书,涉及众姓合资修建水利设施的合约和涉及山塘管水、用水的禁约两个方面。九江德化县水事契约的出现与实施,既是自然环境下当地民众的必然选择,也是当时社会环境下人们的理性判断。不仅为当地农业生产的发展提供了强有力的保障,直接促进了社会生产的发展,同时也是一笔宝贵的精神财富,其中蕴含的传统社会自我管理、自我调适机制尤其值得现代社会借鉴。

In Qing Dynasty,the grass-roots society in Jiangxi Province not only had disputes and lawsuits involving farmland irrigation,but also had a set of rules for achieving harmonious water use through self-restraint and self-adjustment embodied in the contracts related to water affairs.Jiangxi Provincial Museum collects 10 water contract documents of Dehua County,Jiujiang,involving the contract of joint venture construction of water conservancy facilities and the prohibition of water management and use in mountain ponds.The emergence and implementation of the Jiujiang Water Contract was not only the inevitable choice of the local people in the natural environment,but also the rational judgment of the people in the social environment at that time.It not only provided a strong guarantee for the development of local agricultural production,directly promoting the development of social production,but also formed valuable spiritual wealth.The traditional social self-management and self-adjustment mechanism contained is especially worth learning for the modern society.