Forensic parameters of 41 Y-STR loci in Shandong Han individuals and comparison with 42 other populations

The Y-chromosomal short tandem repeat polymorphisms(Y-STRs)are the male-specific markers.The characteristics of paternal lineages make it a valuable tool for tracing familial relationships[1-3].Y-STR analysis has been widely used for identifying genealogical DNA testing and to identify missing persons,assess paternal relationships,and investigate sexual assault cases[4,5].