地下水污染调查中采样点布设方法研究进展

Research on sampling point arrangement methods in groundwater pollution investigation

在地下水污染调查中,采样点布设是确定地下水污染状况的关键环节,也直接影响了人力财力的耗费。本文对网格布点法、系统布点法、污染场地模型预测法以及基于层次分析法的权重分配法等地下水采样点布设方法进行了介绍,对比分析了各采样点布设方法的优缺点。网格(系统)等传统采样法因其简单易行,被广泛应用;场地模型预测法和多目标优化法精准但需要有地下水调查数据支持;基于层次分析法的采样点布设方法在在传统调查方法的基础上进行优化,将采样点数量按影响因子权重进行区域分配,适用与各种类型场地但其主观性较强。

In groundwater pollution investigation,the sampling point arrangement is a key step to determine the groundwater pollution status and directly affects the cost of human and financial resources.This paper introduces the sampling point arrangement methods for groundwater,including grid point placement,systematic point placement,pollution site model prediction,and weight distribution methods based on Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP).The advantages and disadvantages of each sampling point deployment method are compared and analyzed.The traditional sampling methods such as grid(system)are widely used due to their simplicity and ease of use.The pollution site model prediction method and the multi-objective optimization method are accurate but require support from groundwater investigation data.The sampling point arrangement method based on AHP optimizes the traditional investigation method by allocating the number of sampling points according to the weighting factors in different regions.It is suitable for various types of sites,but it has strong subjectivity.