辽宁省玉米秸秆粉碎全量还田耕作机械化技术模式研究

Study on the Technical Mode of Farming Mechanization of Full Corn Straw Crushing and Returning to the Field in Liaoning Province

玉米是辽宁省第一大粮食作物,也是第一大秸秆产出作物。在绿色生态可持续发展理念引领下,玉米秸秆焚烧压力巨大。目前,玉米秸秆粉碎翻埋、碎混、覆盖全量还田和离田旋耕耕作机械化技术模式试验表明:玉米秸秆粉碎翻埋、碎混和覆盖3种全量还田机械化技术模式的秸秆腐解效果、土壤团粒结构、土壤容重、有机质含量、作物生长指标均优于对比的玉米秸秆离田旋耕机械化技术模式,对提高土壤有机质和改善土壤质量具有良好的效果,是实现“藏粮于地”、保护黑土资源、减轻环境污染的有效途径。

Corn is the largest grain crop in Liaoning Province and the largest straw crop.Under the guidance of the concept of green ecological sustainable development,the pressure of burning corn straw is huge.The experiment of four technology modes had been done by us,crushing and burying full corn straw to the field,crushing and mixing full corn straw to the field,mulching full corn straw to the field and rotary tillaging in corn straw out of the field,it is shown that the straw decomposition effect,soil aggregate structure,soil bulk density,organic matter content and crop growth index of the three mechanized technology modes of full corn straw crushing and burying,mixing and covering are better than the comparative mechanized technology mode of rotary tillaging in corn straw out of the field,it has a good effect on improving soil organic matter and soil quality.It is an effective way to realize storing grain in the ground,protect black soil resources and reduce environmental pollution.