黑龙江省水稻钵苗物理特性试验研究

Experimental Study on Physical Characteristics of Rice Pot Seedlings in Heilongjiang Province

水稻钵苗有序抛秧技术是水稻栽植技术的一次巨大创新,被列为国家重点推广实用农业技术。为此,通过明确水稻有序抛秧机的抛秧机构、夹持机构等结构参数与水稻钵苗物理特性之间的关系改善水稻有序抛秧效果,以黑龙江地区广泛种植的龙粳31、空育131、垦稻23等3个水稻品种钵苗为研究对象,通过试验测定3种水稻钵苗的形状尺寸、质量大小、重心分布、含水率等物理特性。试验结果表明:3种水稻钵苗尺寸均呈正态分布,且3种钵苗高度主要集中在170~175mm,钵苗宽度主要集中在75~85mm。其中,龙粳31钵苗高度均值为173.58mm,宽度均值为80.73mm;空育131钵苗高度均值为172.92mm,宽度均值为79.69mm;垦稻23钵苗高度均值为173.28mm,宽度均值为80.56mm;龙粳31质量4.72g,空育131质量4.68g,垦稻23质量4.85g;龙粳31含水率47.305%,空育131含水率47.226%,垦稻23含水率46.986%;龙粳31重心位置在距土钵上表面4.326mm处,空育131重心位置在距土钵上表面4.335mm处,垦稻23重心位置在距土钵上表面4.368mm处。试验结果可为水稻钵苗有序抛秧机结构和性能参数设计提供重要理论依据。

Rice pot seedling orderly throwing technology is a great innovation of rice planting technology,which is listed as the national key promotion of practical agricultural technology.This paper aims to improve the effect of orderly rice seedling throwing by clarifying the relationship between the structural parameters such as seedling throwing mechanism and clamping mechanism of rice orderly seedling throwing machine and the physical characteristics of rice bowl seedlings.Taking the bowl seedlings of three rice varieties Longjing 31,Kongyu 131 and Kendao 23 widely planted in Heilongjiang as the research object,the shape,size,mass and the results showed that the sizes of the three kinds of rice bowl seedlings were normally distributed,and the height of the three kinds of bowl seedlings was mainly 170-175mm and the width of bowl seedlings was mainly 75-85mm.The average height and width of Longjing 31 potted seedlings were 173.58mm and 80.73mm respectively;The average height and width of 131 potted seedlings were 172.92 mm and 79.69 mm respectively;The average height of 23 pot seedlings of Kendao was 173.28mm and the average width was 80.56mm.The quality of Longjing 31,Kongyu 131 and Kendao 23 was 4.72g,4.68g and 4.85g respectively.The water content of Longjing 31,Kongyu 131 and Kendao 23 was 47.305%,47.226%and 46.986%,respectively.The center of gravity of Longjing 31 is 4.326mm away from the upper surface of the soil bowl,the center of gravity of konyu 131 is 4.335mm away from the upper surface of the soil bowl,and the center of gravity of Kendao 23 is 4.368mm away from the upper surface of the soil bowl.The experimental results provide an important theoretical basis for the design of structure and performance parameters of rice bowl seedling orderly throwing machine.