基于红外检测技术的精播机设计

Design of Precision Seeder Based on Infrared Detection

为了实现播种间距的精确控制,基于曲柄摇杆机构和红外检测技术,设计了精播机。变量播种器基于曲柄摇杆机构设计,通过步进电机带动丝杆,改变曲柄长度实现传动比改变,进而控制播种间距。建立了变量播种器传动比和播种间距模型,进而建立变量播种器步进电机角位移和播种间距模型,实现播种间距控制。采用两组红外传感器设计播种间距检测系统,当有种子下落时,记录相邻两下落种子时间间隔Δt,结合播种机前进速度,计算红外检测播种间距。对红外检测系统和播种间距控制系统进行测试,结果表明:检测率分布区间为97%~99%,播种合格率分布区间为96%~91%,变异系数分布区间为6.2%~13%。

In order to achieve precise control for sowing spacing,this seeder was designed based on crank rocker mechanism and infrared detection.Variable spacing seeder was based on crank rocker mechanism,and changed the sowing spacing by changing crank length which was controlled by stepping motor and screw rod.The model between transmission ratio of seeder and sowing spacing was achieved,and then the model between stepping motor angular displacement of variable spacing seeder and sowing spacing was achieved,so the sowing spacing was controlled.Monitoring system of sowing distance was achieved by two sets of infrared sensors.The falling interval between two adjacent seedsΔt was tested,and then the sowing spacing was calculated with speed of planter.The infrared detection system and sowing spacing control system were tested,the result showed that the range of detection rate was 97%to 99%,the range of pass rate for sowing spacing control system was 96%to 91%,and the range of coefficient of variation was 6.2 to 13%.