三爪勺式马铃薯精量排种器设计与试验

Design and Experiment of Three-claw Spoon Type Potato Precise Metering Device

针对目前马铃薯排种器普遍存在的重漏播率较高、作业速度低等问题,设计了一种三爪勺式马铃薯精量排种器。阐述了排种器的主要结构和工作原理,对关键部件进行理论分析和结构设计,并结合单因素仿真试验确定了影响排种性能的主要因素的参数范围。以三爪长度、三爪底面中心距离、三爪倾斜角度和主动轮转速为试验因素,开展二次正交回归旋转组合试验,并对试验数据进行分析,得到回归模型和因素对试验指标的影响关系。对试验结果进行多目标优化,结果表明:三爪长度38.04mm、三爪底面中心距离16mm、三爪倾斜角度29.07°、主动轮转速53.05 r/min时,合格率为94.49%,漏播率为2.19%,重播率为3.32%。对此优化参数下的排种器进行台架试验,排种器合格率、漏播率和重播率分别为93.33%、4.17%、2.5%,验证了仿真优化结果的可靠性,表明三爪勺式马铃薯精量排种器在高速条件下能保持良好的排种性能。

Aiming at the problem of high multiple rate,missing rate and low operating speed common to the current potato metering device,a three-claw spoon type potato precision metering device was designed.The main structure and working principle of the seed metering device were described.The key components of the seed metering device were theoretically analyzed and structured.Combined with single factor simulation experiments,the parameter range of main factors affecting the seed metering performance were determined.Carried out the quadratic orthogonal regression rotation combined test with length of three claws,center distance of three claws bottom surface,inclined angle of three claws and rotation speed of driving wheel as experimental factors,and analyzed the experimental data to obtain the regression model and factors on the test index of influence relationship.Multi-objective optimization of the test results showed that length of three claws was 38.04mm,center distance of three claws bottom surface was 16mm,inclined angle of three claws was 29.07°,and rotation speed of driving wheel was 53.05r/min,the qualified rate was 94.49%,the missing rate was 2.19%,and the multiple rate was 3.32%.The bench test of the seed metering device under the optimized parameters showed that the qualified rate,missing rate and multiple rate of the seed metering device were 93.33%,4.17%,and 2.5%respectively,which verified the reliability of the simulation optimization results.The test results showed that the three-claw spoon type potato precision metering device could maintain good seeding performance under high-speed conditions.