促进还是限制?——论标准化对创新的复杂作用关系

Promote or Restrict:An Analysis of the Complex Effect of Standardization on Innovation

标准化是创新研究中的重要问题,然而标准化对创新的多重作用机制及两者之间的复杂互动关系还缺乏探讨。建立对标准化与创新关系的系统性认识有助于指导企业和政策主体科学地开展标准化活动。本文对标准化与创新关系的相关文献进行系统性回顾、梳理和分析发现:随着创新复杂性的不断提高,创新活动中的标准化呈现出多模式特征;标准化对创新存在“双刃剑”作用,不同产业情境和制度情境下,标准化对创新的作用机制存在显著差异;标准化与创新关系主要受到三类因素的影响,包括:标准与技术生命周期特定阶段的匹配、利益相关者的支持和协调及政策效用的发挥。在此基础上,本文从三个方面提出了未来研究的发展方向。

Standardization is an important issue in the study of the innovation,however,the multiple mechanisms of standardization on innovation,and the complex interaction between standardization and innovation is lack of discussion.Establishing a systematic understanding of the relationship between standardization and innovation helps enterprises and governments to scientifically carry out standardization activities.A systematic literature review on the relations between standardization and innovation were conducted,and found that,with the increasing complexity of innovation,standardization in the innovation activities shows muti‑model characteristics.Standardization has a double‑edged sword effect on innovation.There are significant differences in the mechanism of standardization effect on innovation under different industrial and institutional situations.The relationship between standardization and innovation is mainly affected by three factors,including the matching of standards and technology life cycle at a specific stage,the support and coordination of stakeholders,and the policy effectiveness.On this basis,potential direction of future research from three aspects are proposed.