工业遗产创伤记忆及其对社区文化身份认同的作用机制——沈阳铁西案例研究

Traumatic memory of industrial heritage and its mechanism for community cultural identity:A case study of Tiexi District,Shenyang

当前的工业遗产运动中,遗产逐渐成为脱嵌社区发展的新型消费飞地或“纪念碑”式“工业圣地”。社区是遗产的原生主体,社区关于遗产的历史、记忆、知识以及身份认同等情感关系,构成了遗产保护利用和持续发展的重要挑战。本文以创伤记忆为理论视角,以沈阳铁西为案例地,通过综合分析国有大型工业企业厂志、网络文本、工人的访谈文本,旨在从理论上揭示创伤记忆影响社区身份认同和遗产保护的作用机制。研究发现:工业遗产保护过程对遗产的情感价值认识不足,缺少与社区的互动,导致社区将工业遗产看作外来文化;社区围绕环境、身体和文化创伤,形成了遗产的创伤记忆,这使得遗产地意义被重构,变成“爱恨交织”的伤痛之地;创伤记忆作为影响社区工业文化身份认同的重要因素,会限制社区在遗产保护中的参与和行动。因此,应承认工业遗产的冲突性和伤害性,并给予正视、呈现和回应;要重视社区的遗产主体身份,重建社区和遗产的关系;通过口述史、见证文学、集体叙述、旅游展演等途径,对创伤进行宣称和充分言说,建立过去与当下的联系,以便受创者走出记忆困境,形成遗产认同。这将有助于社区与权力、资本、专业知识形成合力,将工业遗产建构为社会的共同遗产,实现遗产保护利用的持续发展目标。

In the current industrial heritage movement,heritages have gradually become a new type of consumer enclave or monumental industrial holy site that is dis-embedded from the development of heritage communities.The community is the primary environment of a heritage,and the emotional relationship between the community and a heritage's history,memory,knowledge and identity constitutes an important challenge to the conservation,utilization and sustainable development of a heritage.From the theoretical perspective of traumatic memory,based on a comprehensive analysis of factory records of state-owned largescale industrial enterprises,network texts,and interview texts of workers,this paper aims to reveal the mechanism of traumatic memory affecting community identity and heritage conservation in Tiexi District of Shenyang.It is found that the lack of understanding of the heritage’s emotional value in the process of industrial heritage conservation and the lack of interaction with the community are reasons for the community to treat the industrial heritage as a foreign culture.Influenced by the environment,body and cultural trauma,the community forms the traumatic memory of the heritage,which makes the meaning of the heritage site reconstructed and become a“love-hate”painful place.As an important factor affecting community industrial cultural identity,traumatic memory will limit community participation and action in heritage conservation.This paper argues that the contradictory and detrimental features of industrial heritage should be recognized,and envisaged,presented and responded to;We should value the identity of community as the primary environment of heritage and rebuild the relationship between community and heritage;Through oral history,witness literature,collective narration,tourism exhibition and other ways,trauma can be declared and fully explained,so as to establish the connection between the past and the present,thus the“victims”can depart from the memory dilemma and form a heritage identity.This will help the industrial heritage grow into the common heritage of the society,and achieve the sustainable development of heritage conservation and utilization through the collaboration of community and power,capital,and professional knowledge.