图像叙事与空间识别——山西芮城永乐宫壁画中的民居建筑研究

Image Narrative and Spatial Identification: A Study on Residential Architecture in the Murals of Yongle Palace in Ruicheng, Shanxi

壁画作为建筑图像信息的载体,在汉唐宋元等缺乏实物考据的历史时期,始终作为中国建筑史学研究重要的文献考证依据。山西芮城永乐宫壁画就属此例,由于写实地记录了元代的社会民俗风貌,承载发生故事的建筑图像就成为研究元代民居建筑形态的重要史料。本文通过对壁画上建筑图像信息的辨识,明确元代民居与外部环境的构成要素及其类型特点,探讨元代生活空间的复合式转化趋势,揭示元代民居承宋启明过渡发展的演进规律,指出元代民居建筑具有“执两用中”“四方内聚”等传统建筑文化属性,为深化元代民居建筑史研究提供新思路,也为元代民居建筑的研究起到补白之用。

During periods such as the Han and Tang dynasties and the Song and Yuan dynasties, when physical evidence was lacking, the murals, as carriers of architectural image information, have played the role of important textual evidence for the study of Chinese architectural history. The murals of the Yongle Palace in Ruicheng, Shanxi, are a prime example of this. The architectural images on these murals realistically depict the social customs and rituals of the Yuan Dynasty and have become a significant historical source for the study of the architectural forms of the residential architecture during this period. By identifying the architectural information depicted in the murals, it is possible to determine the constituent elements and typological characteristics of the residential architecture of the Yuan Dynasty and explore the trend of their complex transformation of living spaces. On this basis, this paper sheds light on the evolution of residential architecture from the Song to the Ming Dynasties, revealing traditional cultural attributes of Yuan Dynasty residential architecture such as the "axisymmetric layout" and the "enclosed courtyard surrounded by houses in four sides".These findings provide new avenues for further research into the residential architecture in the Yuan Dynasty and help fill the gaps in the study of such architecture.