光学相干断层扫描血管成像在年龄相关性黄斑变性诊治中的应用进展

Advances in the application of optical coherence tomography angiography in the diagnosis and treatment of age-related maculardegeneration

年龄相关性黄斑变性(age-related macular degeneration,AMD)是与氧化应激、补体失调和年龄相关性黄斑病变易感因子2等位基因的多态性等多种机制有关的一组年龄相关性黄斑疾病,近年来AMD的发病率有明显增加的趋势。影像学技术的发展为AMD患者的进一步研究提供了条件,荧光素眼底血管造影(fluorescein angiography,FFA)一直是AMD诊断的金标准,但是作为一种侵入性的检查方法,FFA无法显示病变的断层结构;光学相干断层扫描可以显示视网膜的断层结构,但是无法显示血流形态。光学相干断层扫描血管成像(optical coherence tomography angiography,OCTA)实现了对视网膜及脉络膜各层血流和结构的无创可视化,在显示各层视网膜及脉络膜血管的血流状态及结构方面展现出独一无二的优势,已经成为研究AMD发病机制及诊治中不可或缺的利器。论文对OCTA在AMD诊治中的应用进行综述。

Age-related macular degeneration(AMD)is a group of age-related macular diseases associated with multiple pathogenesis such as oxidation stress,complement dysregulation and polymorphism of age-related maculopathy susceptibility 2 allele.The incidence of AMD has been increasing significantly in recent years.The development of the imaging technology provided the conditions for us to study more about AMD,fundus fluorescein angiography(FFA)has been the gold standard for the diagnosis of AMD,however,as an invasive test,FFA can't show the tomographic structure of the lesion.Optical coherence tomography can show the tomographic structure of the retina,but it can't show blood flow patterns.Optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA)can show the blood flow and structure in all layers of the retina and choroid under non-invasive conditions,and it has become an indispensable tool in studying the pathogenesis,diagnosis and treatment of AMD,because of its unique advantages in showing the blood flow status and structure of the retinal and choroidal vessels.In this paper,we will provide an updated review of the application of OCTA in the diagnosis and treatment of AMD.