Single‑Atom Catalysts:Advances and Challenges in Metal‑Support Interactions for Enhanced Electrocatalysis

Single-atom catalysts(SACs),which contain a single metal atom supported on a well-confined substrate,are among the most promising heterogeneous catalysts owing to their unique advantages,such as high intrinsic activity and selectivity,tunable bonds and coordination,abundant metal-containing active sites,and atomic economy.Since metal-support interactions(MSIs)in SACs exert a substantial influence on the catalytic properties,gaining a profound understanding and recognition of catalytic reactions depends greatly on investigating MSIs both experimentally and computationally.Hence,the engineer-ing and modulation of MSIs are regarded as one of the most efficient methods to rationally design SACs with disruptively enhanced catalytic properties.In this review,we track the recent advances in SACs from an MSI perspective.We then discuss the existing MSIs in SACs and elucidate the significant role of strong MSIs in catalytic properties and mechanisms.The chal-lenges hindering the rational design of supported SACs with strong MSIs,which are currently still far from being completely understood and overcome,are described.In addition,the correlation between strong MSIs and electrocatalytic activities in SACs,including an outlook to increase our understanding of MSIs,is discussed.Finally,the present review provides some perspectives and an in-depth understanding of strong MSIs to advance high-performing SACs.