论《玛蒂尔达》叙事伦理的建构

A Study on the Construction of Narrative Ethics in Matilda

罗尔德·达尔的经典儿童幻想小说《玛蒂尔达》,呈现出与传统伦理观念具有明显差异性的叙事特质。差异性的主要表现在于其对亲子关系及师生关系的颠覆性书写。这种颠覆性书写虽然引起学界多方争议,但调查表明并未使儿童读者在阅读过程中陷入伦理层面的接受困境。其主要原因有二:一是人物关系模式的“换位式”叙述增强了叙事的道德张力,从而保证了儿童阅读的主体性;二是叙述接受者在儿童与成人之间的切换,有助于儿童读者以审慎的态度明确自身的道德立场。二者结合,构建了《玛蒂尔达》独特的叙事伦理,即以否定性、颠覆性的方式表达合理的伦理选择,促进儿童读者进行身份建构,完成对复杂人生的深度认知。

In the narrative of Matilda,a classic fantasy for children by Roald Dahl,there are something obviously different from traditional ethical concept.The difference mainly lies in Matilda's subversive writing of parent-child relationship and teacher-student relationship.Although the subversive writing has caused lots of controversy in the academic circle,the investigation shows that it does not make children readers fall into an ethical dilemma in reading.The main reasons are as follows:firstly,the transposition of characters enhances the moral tension of narration,which guarantees the children's subjectivity in reading.Secondly,"double address"helps children to clarify their moral positions prudently.These two construct the unique narrative ethics in Matilda,that is,to make reasonable ethical choice by negative and subversive narration,which helps children readers construct their identity and deeply understand the complexity of human experience.