欧盟碳边境调节机制与WTO规则的合规性问题分析

Analysis on the Compliance of EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism and WTO Rules

为减少碳泄漏,推进《欧洲绿色协议》的实施,欧盟委员会于2022年6月通过了建立碳边境调节机制的提案。欧盟碳边境调节机制作为一种以环境保护为导向的单边贸易措施,其与WTO贸易规则的合规性问题一直存有诸多争议。从欧盟碳边境调节机制的草案内容来看,其仍存在不符合最惠国待遇原则与国民待遇原则之嫌,并且这种碳边境调节机制的实施方式,构成一种任意或不合理的歧视,欧盟若想通过援引一般例外条款得到豁免存在难度。在此背景下,我国应坚持多边主义,加强气候变化的国际合作,在WTO框架下解决争议。同时,我国还应与欧盟展开双边磋商和谈判,争取我国产品出口到欧盟在碳边境调节机制下的豁免。

In order to reduce carbon leakage and advance the implementation of the European Green Deal,the European Commission adopted in June 2022 a proposal to establish a carbon border reconciliation mechanism.As a unilateral trade measure oriented towards environmental protection,the EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism has been the subject of much controversy regarding its compliance with WTO trade rules.The draft of EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism is still incompatible with the MFN and national treatment principles and is implemented in a manner that constitutes arbitrary or unreasonable discrimination,making it difficult for the EU to obtain exemptions by invoking the general exceptions.In this context,China should adhere to multilateralism,strengthen international cooperation on climate change and resolve disputes under the WTO framework.At the same time,China should also start bilateral consultations and negotiations with the EU to seek exemptions for exports of our products to the EU under the carbon border adjustment mechanism.