考虑空调负荷弹性约束的用能优化研究

Research on Energy Consumption Optimization Considering Elastic Constraints of Air-Conditioning Loads

空调负荷(air conditioning loads,ACLs)可作为一种灵活的需求侧资源参与新型电力系统的源-荷互动.充分利用ACLs的热力学特性,既能发挥ACLs的负荷调节能力,又能保证用户的舒适度.现有的优化方法将ACLs的热力学约束建立为刚性约束.通过松弛刚性舒适变量,提出了一种考虑弹性约束的空调负荷用能优化策略以满足系统运行中极端情况下的负荷调节需求.首先,建立了空调负荷的弹性优化模型.其次,通过引入辅助变量,将舒适变量与辅助变量之间的关系定义为弹性约束,并将线性化处理后的舒适度惩罚成本加入目标函数中.最后,采用混合整数线性规划求得最优解.优化结果表明,基于弹性约束的空调负荷优化结果具有更显著的削负荷效果.变频空调和定频空调的仿真结果都验证了所提方法的有效性.

With the power imbalance problem on the supply and demand side,air conditioning loads(ACLs)can participate in the optimization of the power system as flexible load resources.Making full use of the thermodynamic characteristics of ACLs can not only exert optimization effect of ACLs,but also ensure the comfort of users.Existing optimization methods define the thermodynamic constraints of the ACLs as rigid constraints.In this paper,the rigid comfort variables are relaxed,and an optimization strategy considering elastic constraints is proposed to meet the serious load shedding demand.By introducing auxiliary variables,the relationships between comfort variables and auxiliary variables are redefined as elastic constraints,and penalty costs are added to the objective function.Finally,the optimal solution is obtained by mixed linear integer programming.The optimization results show that the load optimization results based on elastic constraints have more peak loads.Both simulation results of inverter ACLs and fixed frequency ACLs show the effectiveness of the proposed method.