广东竹笋有害物质污染分析及其健康风险评估

Analysis of Harmful Substance Contamination and Health Risk Assessment of Bamboo Shoots in Guangdong Province

目的分析广东省不同产地和品种竹笋农药和重金属污染水平,并评估其健康风险。方法采用GC和ICP-MS测定样品中6种农残和3种重金属含量,利用单项污染指数法和内梅罗综合污染指数法分析其污染情况,并通过每日最大可耐受摄入量(EDI)、靶标危害系数(THQ)、综合目标危害指数(HI)和致癌风险(CR)等评估模型进行健康风险评估。结果各基地竹笋样本均未检出6种农残,镉和砷含量均低于GB 2762-2017中规定限量值,FX和CK-2基地的铅含量相对较高,其余基地竹笋含量平均值均在限量值范围内;不同品种竹笋重金属含量也有差异,毛竹笋中铅和镉含量较高,文笋和苦笋中砷含量高于其他品种;麻竹笋中铅和镉呈极显著负相关,铅和砷含量的负相关性达到显著水平,而镉和砷含量为极显著正相关。结论除FX和CK-2以外的竹笋均属于无污染水平,污染主要由铅引起。以EDI、THQ、HI和CR作为健康风险评价指标时,正常食用采样范围内的竹笋,对成人和儿童无明显健康影响,且不会对人体产生致癌风险。

Objective To analyze the pesticide residues and heavy metals pollution levels of bamboo shoots from different producing areas and varieties in Guangdong Province and assess their health risks.Methods Gas chromatography,inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry were used to determine the residues of 6 kinds of pesticides and content of heavy metals such as lead(Pb),cadmium(Cd)and arsenic(As)in bamboo shoots.The pollution of different bamboo shoot samples was inspected by single pollution index and Nemerow comprehensive pollution index method.The health risk of bamboo shoots was assessed through the maximum estimated daily intake(EDI),target hazard quotients(THQ),comprehensive target hazard index(HI)and carcinogenic risk(CR)assessment models.Results The results showed that 6 kinds of pesticide residues in bamboo shoots in all bases were not detected,and both contents of Cd and As were lower than the limit values specified in GB 2762-2017.The average content of bamboo shoots from other origins were within the limit value range.In addition,the content of heavy metals in different varieties of bamboo shoots were also different.The contents of Pb and Cd in Phyllostachys edulis bamboo shoots were higher,and the contents of As in Phyllostachys elegans bamboo shoots and Pleioblastus amarus bamboo shoots were higher than that of other varieties.At the same time,it was found that the contents of Pb and Cd in Dendrocalamus latiflorus bamboo shoots showed significantly negatively correlated,and the negative correlation between the contents of Pb and As reached a significant level,while the contents of Cd and As showed conspicuously positive relevant.Conclusion The single pollution and the Nemerow comprehensive index method show that the bamboo shoots except the FX and CK-2 production bases belong to the pollution-free level,and the pollution of bamboo shoot samples are mainly caused by Pb.When EDI,THQ,HI and CR are used as risk assessment indicators,bamboo shoots within the normal consumption have no obvious health effects on adults and children,and do not cause carcinogenic risk.