某口径火箭发动机温度场特性研究

Research on Temperature Field Characteristics of a Caliber Rocket Engine

为研究某口径火箭发动机多层材料在不同边界条件下的温度场变化规律,建立了多层材料结构下的非稳态传热模型,通过控制容积法进行了数值计算。以20℃环境条件下的初温-40℃的某火箭发动机温度变化规律的试验数据为依据,对比了数值模拟的计算结果,验证了模型的可靠性。对不同工况下某口径火箭发动机的装药温度场变化特性进行了计算与分析。结果表明:通过所建立的数值计算模型可以较好地描述火箭发动机多层材料在不同环境条件下的温度场变化特性,装药温度的变化受装药初始温度与环境温度之间温差的影响,当装药温度和环境温度的初始温差较大时,温度变化速率越大,发动机内各点装药达到相同的温度时所需时间相差较大,发动机内各点装药温度与环境温度达到完全平衡的时间越长;由于发动机由多层材料组成,不同材料的导热系数对装药的温度场影响也较大,材料的导热系数越大,导热能力越强,温度变化速率越大。

In order to study the temperature characteristic of a rocket engine with multilay structure under different boundary conditions,an unsteady heat transfer model under multilayer structure was established.Numerical calculations were carried out by controlled volume method.Based on the test temperature data of a rocket engine with an initial temperature of-40℃under the environmental condition of 20℃,the calculation results of numerical simulation are compared and verified.The temperature characteristics of a rocket engine of a certain caliber under different working conditions were calculated and analyzed.The results show that the temperature characteristics of multilayer materials of rocket engine can be better described by the established numerical calculation model.The temperature field of the rocket is affected by the temperature difference between the initial temperature of the charge and the ambient temperature.When the initial temperature difference between the charge temperature and the ambient temperature is large,the greater the temperature change rate,the greater the time required for the charge in the engine to reach the same temperature,and the longer the time for the charge temperature and the ambient temperature in the engine to reach complete equilibrium.Since the engine is composed of multilayer materials,the thermal conductivity of different materials also has a greater influence on the temperature field of the charge,and the greater the thermal conductivity of the material,the stronger the thermal conductivity and the greater the temperature change rate.