DNA超分子水凝胶的构筑、功能化与生物医学应用

Construction,Functionalization and Biomedical Application of DNA Supramolecular Hydrogels

水凝胶具有与细胞外基质相似的组成与结构,是药物递送、组织工程以及体外细胞培养等生物医学领域重要的一类材料.实现组成明确、生物相容、生物降解并且可功能化的水凝胶材料的构筑是高分子领域发展的重要挑战.DNA作为一种天然的生物大分子,天然具有明确的化学组成、可设计的序列以及独特的结构刚性,是构筑超分子水凝胶的优良材料.本文回顾了DNA超分子水凝胶领域近年来的发展,主要介绍了纯/杂化DNA超分子水凝胶的构筑,总结了基于双链互补配对或物理缠结的纯DNA超分子水凝胶的构筑方法,讨论了物理与化学掺杂在杂化DNA超分子水凝胶构筑中的重要影响;系统介绍了DNA超分子水凝胶卓越的通透性、可调的力学强度以及动态的性质等物理特性,提出了DNA的刚性与动态性决定水凝胶物理性质的分子机制;总结了DNA超分子水凝胶的功能化策略,重点介绍了序列设计、化学修饰以及网络复合等方法;介绍了DNA超分子水凝胶在细胞三维培养与打印、组织工程以及免疫治疗和药物递送等生物医学领域的应用;最后,讨论了DNA超分子水凝胶领域发展面临的一些挑战与前景,为其未来应用前景提供新思路.

Due to the similarity to extracellular matrix,hydrogels have been widely used in biomedical field such as drug delivery,tissue engineering and in vitro cell culture.Deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA)is known for the clear chemical composition,designable sequence and unique structural rigidity,which makes DNA an ideal material for construction of hydrogels.Based on our research,this review summarizes recent developments in DNA supramolecular hydrogels.Firstly,the construction strategies including the pure and hybrid DNA supramolecular hydrogels are introduced.While the construction of pure DNA supramolecular hydrogels is mainly based on base pairing or physical entanglement,covalent or non-covalent doping is also demonstrated to play important roles in preparing the hybrid hydrogels.Then,the physical properties of the DNA supramolecular hydrogels are discussed,such as the excellent permeability,tunable mechanical strength and dynamic properties.Next,the functionalization strategies are also summarized,including sequence design,chemical modification and network interpenetration.Furthermore,the applications of DNA supramolecular hydrogels in biomedicine are introduced,focusing on three dimensional cell culture and printing,tissue engineering,immunotherapy and drug delivery.Finally,some challenges and future perspectives in the development of DNA supramolecular hydrogels are discussed.It is expected that with the flourishing development,DNA supramolecular hydrogels will have more applications.