高脂高糖饮食对巴马小型猪肠道菌群的影响

Effect of a High-fat and High-sucrose Diet on the Intestinal Microbiota of Bama Miniature Pigs

目的探讨高脂高糖饮食8个月对巴马小型猪血脂和粪便中肠道菌群的影响。方法将10头巴马小型猪随机分为对照组(n=3)和实验组(n=7),对照组小型猪正常喂养,实验组给予高脂高糖饮食。各组动物分别于实验前及实验8个月后进行空腹采血,检测三酰甘油、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇等血脂指标。实验8个月后无菌采集各动物粪便,采用16S rRNA测序技术检测肠道菌群组成。结果高脂高糖饮食8个月后,实验组粪便中肠道菌群物种数量未见明显改变,厚壁菌门相对丰度增加,拟杆菌门和变形菌门丰度降低(P<0.05)。实验组小型猪体质量、三酰甘油、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论高脂高糖饮食可以增加巴马小型猪粪便中厚壁菌门相对丰度,降低拟杆菌门和变形菌门相对丰度,提示这些肠道菌群的失调可能参与调节了宿主高脂血症的发生。

Objective To explore the effect of a high-fat and high-sucrose diet on the blood lipid and gut microbiota of the Bama miniature pigs.Method A total of 10 Bama miniature pigs were selected and randomly divided into control group(n=3)and experimental group(n=7).Animals in control group were fed with basic diet and in experimental group with high-fat and high-sucrose diet.Fasting blood lipids,including triglyceride,total cholesterol,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,were detected before the experiment and in the 8th month.Meanwhile,16S rRNA sequencing was performed to detect the composition of gut microbiota.Result After 8 months of feeding with high-fat and high-sucrose diet,the number of gut microbiota did not change significantly,however,the relative abundance of Firmicute increased,while the abundance of Bacteroide and Proteobacteria decreased in the experimental group(P<0.05).Moreover,the body weight and the level of triglyceride,cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion High-fat and high-sucrose diet could induce the increasement of Firmicute,and the reduction of Bacteroide and Proteobacteria in the feces of Bama miniature pigs,suggesting that the imbalance of these gut microbiota may be involved in regulating the occurrence of hyperlipidemia in the host.